Free Essays on Martin Luther Kings Impact

Martin Luther Kings’ I Have A Dream speech made a great impact on the American culture. His speech impacted our thoughts and our way of living. Through careful thought and consideration King found ways techniques to appeal to his audience, making sure the nation can feel every word he was saying Through examples martin Luther king strongly prove that for everything he says there is a real life situation that he has not imagined, or that is not a figment of his imagination. Martin Luther king states,† one hundred years later we must face the tragic fact that the negro is still not free.† He gives this statement, but he also is able to back it up with a real life situation. â€Å"One hundred years later, the negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later the negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself in exile in his own land.† Martin Luther king state, â€Å"The negro is still not free.† He is able to back up his statement with several examples giving his audience real life situations to contemplate about. Now his audience can effectively see with him why Negros are still not free. As Martin Luther king states, â€Å"It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro† he follows up with this example,† Those who hoped that the negro needed to blow off steam and will not be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. Martin Luther king wanted to let the nation know that discrimination is an urgent problem and needed to be fixed as soon as possible. Through example he lets the public understand that the problem will not disappear. He lets the public understand that things cannot continue the same as it was or the Negro will continue to march on. â€Å"I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great tr... Free Essays on Martin Luther Kings Impact Free Essays on Martin Luther Kings Impact Martin Luther Kings’ I Have A Dream speech made a great impact on the American culture. His speech impacted our thoughts and our way of living. Through careful thought and consideration King found ways techniques to appeal to his audience, making sure the nation can feel every word he was saying Through examples martin Luther king strongly prove that for everything he says there is a real life situation that he has not imagined, or that is not a figment of his imagination. Martin Luther king states,† one hundred years later we must face the tragic fact that the negro is still not free.† He gives this statement, but he also is able to back it up with a real life situation. â€Å"One hundred years later, the negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later the negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself in exile in his own land.† Martin Luther king state, â€Å"The negro is still not free.† He is able to back up his statement with several examples giving his audience real life situations to contemplate about. Now his audience can effectively see with him why Negros are still not free. As Martin Luther king states, â€Å"It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro† he follows up with this example,† Those who hoped that the negro needed to blow off steam and will not be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. Martin Luther king wanted to let the nation know that discrimination is an urgent problem and needed to be fixed as soon as possible. Through example he lets the public understand that the problem will not disappear. He lets the public understand that things cannot continue the same as it was or the Negro will continue to march on. â€Å"I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great tr...

Embarrassing Moments While Learning Spanish

Embarrassing Moments While Learning Spanish Making mistakes comes with the territory of learning a foreign language. Most mistakes are benign, but when you make those mistakes in a different country or culture, some of them can be downright embarrassing. A forum that used to be part of this site featured a discussion on embarrassing moments in learning the language. Here are a few of the responses. Arbolito: While living in Madrid while getting my Masters degree, I went to the mercado, specifically to where they sold poultry. I very politely asked for two pechos. I had learned that pechos was the word for breast. Little did I know that there was a different word for chicken breasts, pechuga. So there I was, asking the man for 2 human breasts! And I also used the word coger in Argentina, even though I have known forever that it is an obscenity there. But in other places, it is just a common way to say to take. So I asked someone where I could coger el autobà ºs! Apodemus: On a Spanish course in Salamanca I met a Belgian girl. I asked her, in Spanish of course, whether she spoke Dutch or French. Her response was: En la oficina, hablo holandà ©s, pero en la cama hablo francà ©s. Suddenly the whole room was looking at her, she went bright red and stuttered En la casa, dije en la casa!! Rocer: In Chile, cabrito young kid, but in Peru, cabrito gay (or is it the other way around?) A friend of mine from the U.S. was in Chile, and he learned the word cabrito. People called him cabrito because he was young. He liked the word cabrito, so he called himself cabrito. Then he traveled to Peru, and some people asked him why he didnt get married with a Peruvian girl, he said Es que yo soy muy cabrito (he wanted to say the thing is that Im very young, and he ended up saying the thing is that Im very gay). People just looked at him very weird, and laughed at him. Later on, he returned to Chile, where people laughed like crazy when he told them his story. Hermanito: Lo siguiente no me pasà ³ a mà ­ sino a una amiga mà ­a, quien apenas comenzaba a aprender espaà ±ol. Esta entro a una tiendita mexicana y le preguntà ³ al dueà ±o si tenà ­a huevos, sin saber el sentido alternativo de la palabra. (The word huevos, which means eggs, is also a slang term for testicles.) El Tejano: In Mexico, ladies never order eggs - they always say blancos. Glenda: I have three stories. The first is from a friend here in San Miguel, who after eating a delicious meal, wanted to compliment the cook. She said, Compliments to the cocino. Cocino means a fat pig. She should have said compliments to the cocinero. Then, there is this story, from our local newspaper. A moderately experienced horsewoman comes to Mexico and is taking riding lessons from a Mexican male teacher. He doesnt realize how experienced she is, so he wants her to keep the horse roped. She is frustrated but complies and keeps a rope on the horse throughout her lesson. They are talking in Spanish about the next days lesson, making arrangements, and she finishes the conversation by saying, Sà ­, est bien ... pero maà ±ana, sin ropa. And finally, from my own experience. A local waiter in a restaurant we like is also an artist. My husband and I saw his work displayed in the restaurant and decided to buy it. He was overjoyed, and in return offered to pay for the slice of cake we had ordered for dessert - a very sweet gesture. At the end of the meal, I said, Gracias por la pastilla (the pill) instead of el pastel (the cake). I am sure that there have been many more embarrassing moments which I have caused ... but probably people here were so polite I never even knew. El Tejano: Twenty odd years ago, I was in a shoe store in Mexico buying a new pair of shoes. My Spanish was a lot worse than it is now and I couldnt remember the word for size. So I looked size up in my wimp dictionary (always a very risky practice) and the first entry was tamaà ±o. So I told the young lady that my tamaà ±o was 9. She was very young and I was about 50, and I heard her mutter, barely audibly under her breath, rabo verde. If you dont get it, Ill leave the details to someone else, otherwise youll be calling me rabo verde too. Heres another: Im a retired painting contractor from Houston and we had a big commercial job down in the Rio Grande Valley, which is indistinguishable from Mexico itself. A gringo painter on our crew wanted to ask an attractive chica who worked at the Wal-Mart in Carrizo Springs to have lunch with him. We told him to say, Seà ±orita, es posible que quisieras comer conmigo? But he got confused and substituted cojer for comer. The results were predictable! Spanish Expert:  One that comes to mind happened many years ago during a trip to Mexico when I needed to buy a razor. Not knowing the word for razor, I went in a small store and asked for algo para aceitar and got only strange looks. Sign language came in handy, and Im sure that they then figured out the word I meant. I had used the verb for to oil (aceitar) instead of the verb for to shave (afeitar). I didnt realize what I had said until later that evening. I traveled to Peru a few years ago with a then-teenage son, and he wanted to try using his minimal Spanish at an outdoor market. He decided to buy an alpaca blanket and asked how much it cost - quince soles was the answer, about $5 U.S. at the time. He thought that was a good deal, and promptly pulled cincuenta soles (about $18) from his wallet. He would have paid it if I hadnt caught his mistake. In order to save himself the embarrassment of handing the vendor way too much money, he decided the price was one he couldnt pass up and promptly decided to buy two instead. Donna B: We had cooked a turkey dinner for a Mexican exchange student, and my son, who was learning Spanish, told him we were having polvo for dinner instead of pavo. Our exchange student gave him a horrified look and refused to come down for dinner. We later realized he had told the exchange student we were having dust for dinner instead of turkey for dinner. TML: The first time I went to Madrid I was asked to go to the supermercado and buy some chicken (pollo). Well, I got a little tongue-tied and instead of asking the man for pollo, I asked for a specific part of his anatomy. Talk about an embarrassing moment! He finally figured out what I was asking for and I went home with some real chicken parts! The family I was staying with almost wet their pants laughing. I have since been back to Madrid 8 times and have learned a very important lesson ... We are the ones who put the burden on ourselves. Every person I met really wanted me to succeed, and they were extremely helpful. They didnt try to make me feel stupid - but were more touched by my desire to communicate with them - even in lieu of my grammatical errors. Lessons learned: If you are afraid to make mistakes, you will not learn. Years down the road you will have some funny and often wonderful memories of people you met and how you each helped one another out. Lily Su: I was looking up the word dulce in my excellent dictionary (which lists lots of ways to use words and phrases) wanting to see if it was used to say things like, oh thank you, that was sweet of you, etc., and not just that you preferred sweet desserts, for example. I was reading along and ran across the word boniato (sweet potato). I must not have been reading very carefully because I somehow got the idea that you could call someone a boniato as a term of endearment (maybe like we call someone sweetie). So I went around saying, hola, mi boniato to many of my Spanish friends, only one of which finally corrected me. It still cracks us all up when we remember that! Also heard about an American priest who commented at the Spanish mass that he loved los calzones bonitos (calzones is underpants) when he meant to say las canciones bonitas (the beautiful songs)! Patty: I was shopping for groceries in Los Angeles with a Spanish-speaking friend, and in attempt to help her choose her orange juice I asked her (in Spanish) if she wanted the one with pulp or without. It turned out to be one of those occasions that guessing at the word by adding an o at the end didnt work. Pulpo means octopus. Fortunately, I was close enough; the word is pulpa, so she was able to guess what I meant. AuPhinger: The phrase y pico was commonly used to mean and a little, or a little bit, as in ochenta pesos y pico for a little over eighty pesos. One of the fellows in my fathers office transferred to, if I remember correctly, Chile. He used the phrase - for a short while! Until one of the guys in the office pulled him aside and informed him that there, y pico meant a little bit of only one thing! Liza Joy: Once in a university night class I was teaching, a recently divorced middle-aged student decided to use the Spanish she learned in my class on a trip to Mexico. She wanted to get away from the tourist route and so went to a restaurant where no one appeared to speak English. She managed to order a delicious meal, but when it came time to ask for the bill, all she could think of to say was how much, which she translated literally as como mucho which means I eat a lot, instead of the correct cunto. This rather plump lady told me that she kept pointing at her dish and saying como mucho to the waiter, who looked embarrassed and kept saying, No, seà ±ora, usted no come mucho. Finally, she took out her credit card, and he suddenly understood. She didnt understand what the problem was until she got back to class after Easter break. Moral: Learn your question words! Russell: This didnt actually happen to me, but a colleague of mine told me this story that happened to her. She was working in South America with the Peace Corps. She was cleaning up some area among a group of a mixture of Peace Corps folks and natives. At some point, she looked around and found that everyone had left except one local man. Being friendly, she thought shed ask his name. She intended to say,  ¿Cà ³mo te llamas? but it came at comoteyamo, which meant he heard, Cà ³mo te amo (How I love you!). Not surprisingly, the man got a surprised look on his face and did the only logical thing. He ran away. Sierra Jenkins: I worked at an international center for Girl Scouts in Cuernavaca, Mexico, that hosted girls from around the world for two-week sessions. One of my co-workers was from England and didnt speak a lick of Spanish and was terribly worried about offending someone, but I finally talked her into trying out a bit. We went over to chat with a few girls from Argentina and my friend said, Id like to ask her how old she is. I told her to say,  ¿Cuntos aà ±os tienes? and she turned to the girl and said,  ¿Cuntos anos tienes? The girl busted a gut and replied, Solo uno,  ¡pero funciona muy bien! Needless to say, I never got my friend to speak Spanish again. Bamulum: When my wife (nicaragà ºense) and I (Tennesseean) married, we kept an English-Spanish dictionary between us at all times. It was only a short amount of time that I had learned just enough Spanish to get myself into trouble. I had been sick for a few days but had gotten a lot better. When asked by my mother-in-law how I was feeling, I responded by saying mucho mujeres instead of mucho mejor, and of course received quite a stern look from my suegra! Note: Most of the comments above have been edited for brevity, context and, in some cases, content, spelling or grammar. You can find the original discussion here.

Why Women Should Avoid Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Why Women Should Avoid Abortion - Essay Example Reasons against abortion are broad and vary from religious values, human values, as well as the values associated with conscience. Issues related to primary human values appear at the top of reasons why women should not get abortion. It is crucial for women to put into perspective the unborn babies. It is definite that irrespective of the circumstance under which a woman conceived, the unborn child was not responsible in any way (Waxman, 2009, 08). It is necessary to allow the unborn babies enjoy the right of living and growing into a person just as the biological father and mother lived to the level of interacting to bring the child to life. Women in this case, ought to reduce their egoistic elements towards the unborn and be more humanitarian to them as well. Undoubtedly, the unborn kid does not have any clue on how and why it is at the exact place. It is not good to terminate a life without giving it a chance to live fully. Indeed, there are many other mechanisms of resolving related problems. Along with this line of thought, procuring abortion compounds a tragedy. It is understandable that the conditions which a woman conceives are tragic such as a rape and incest. Other occasions include diagnosing the pregnant mother with a health defect that could also include the pregnancy putting the health of the expectant mother at risk. Nonetheless, it is never justified to respond to one tragedy with another one. A critical question to the proponents of abortion is, how does killing a child eradicate rape incidences? If the unborn in the womb of mother is ill, do we cure him by taking his life? In general, the society cannot avoid the all issues arising from health by denying the existence of human beings. It is only recommended that the society puts adequate measures in place to care for raped women compassionately.   Compassionate care does not in any way include ending the existence of the child in the womb. Care includes among other actions extending real facts to parents experiencing prenatal complications and directing them to other women wit h experiences that remain helpful to their colleagues.  

Power Dynamics between Health Insurer and Its Service Providers Essay

Power Dynamics between Health Insurer and Its Service Providers - Essay Example The research focuses on the power dynamics that arise between the health insurers and the service providers, whereby the power dynamics are the interplays between the insurance company and the healthcare providers regarding the provision of services. Â  Health providers may not concur with the providers regarding the supply of the insurance policies, whereby, the insured person may require more than what the insurance provider is offering leading to supply-chain disagreements. The insurers may need to market their products through the providers since the providers are in direct contact with patients who need the insurance policies. This implies that each party has its catch and if they disagree in marketing their policies, there may be power dynamics between the insurers who are marketing their product and the providers who are the pathway for the marketing. Power dynamics entails the relationship between the insurers and providers in terms of the services provided to the members co nducting studies regarding health care provision is important so as to link the insurers and the patients. According to the study by Booth, Colomb & Williams, the power dynamics, in this case, can be correlated to previous theories including the relationship marketing. This is because each party plays a vital role in ensuring that the members receive quality services, especially from the service providers who are the hospitals and clinics. The research focuses on the health insurers, who are the insurance companies, and the service providers who are clinics and hospitals which are in contact with the health insurers to provide the insured members with health care services, including treatment in hospitals and other services provided for in the insurance policy of members. In regard to previous research work of Goddard & Melville, there are many theories relating to the subject matter. In regard to the current research, the power dynamics that arise between the two parties regarding the provision of services may arise as a result of different preferences including marketing preferences where different patients prefer different insurance policies from different insurance companies, while most providers do not approve the use of some insurance policies.

Drama and audience Essay Example for Free

Drama and audience Essay Reverend Hales role in the play is to originally cure of find the illness of Betty. But instead he is described as stiring the witchcraft cauldron that is brewing in Salem Village. Arthur Miller uses words and phrases such as; narrowing his eyes, holding up his hands, surprised, quickly, grasping, rising exhilaration, kindly ect. This describes Reverend Hales character well, as he is a do-gooder within the village. Miller emphasises his importance, by making his character loud, expressive yet good hearted. He makes sure the audience is aware of Hales importance, by making him a figure to look up to, someone that people can see God in, and by making people confess to him he is showing the power he has. Parriss status within the community should be an example to others, but is slowly withering as the accusations of witchcraft within his village and family drag him down. The farmers Proctor, Putnam and Giles, are all below Parris in society. They are the main male characters in the play and because Parris is higher up in society, he remains the loneliest out of the four; this is significant as he knows he cannot cope with all the stress as a single parent and guardian, and a reverend Salem relies on. As previously written, Hale was confessed to by Tituba. She confessed to seeing Satin towards the end of Act 1. Her confession was dramatic and Miller emphasised this well by using language such as; weeps, sobbing in terror, falls to her knees, frightened, suddenly bursting out, in a fury ect. Influenced by the forgiveness given to Tituba, this is significant as she is setting an example and giving ideas to the girls. Abigail copies calling out accusations, as assumed and for example she shouts; I saw Sarah Good with the devil! ect. Scared and confused girls followed in Abigails actions and began calling out accusations as well. The girls soon figure that lying, pretending and accusing others, will take the limelight from them and they will soon be seen as victims and witnesses of Satin. In conclusion, Arthur Millers stage directions in the play, The Crucible, create drama and inform the audience about the nature of the society in Salem. He uses them effectively to create instant excitement and effect as well as defining the characters in detail. The characters are however Millers own creation and through his direction they add drama to the story. The language used in the play highlights the lack of communication in its simplicity and distances itself from the twenty first century. The people in Salem lived solely by their religion and were unable to accept anything that may defy their beliefs. It also showed the lies and deceit that people created to protect their own name and standing in society. Arthur Miller has managed to skilfully tell the story according to historic facts whilst adding his own portrayal of characters to attract audiences today.

Pollen Analysis :: essays research papers

The remains of ancient plants can provide a wealth of archaeological information about a site, with many methods being available to the archaeologist engaged in extracting this data. Perhaps one of the most widely-known of these techniques, possibly because of its attractive nature, is pollen analysis - a technique developed in the early years of the twentieth century by, like so many archaeological techniques, a geologist -- the Norwegian Lennart van Post. To understand the technique and the uses to which it may be put, we must first examine the biological nature of the material itself. Because of a hard outer shell - the exine - pollen is particularly resistant to chemical attack and will survive in most conditions; the only environments which are truly hostile to this shell are abrasion, such as may be the case on sandy sites, and oxidation. However, the most favourable conditions for preservation of the pollen record are acidic, anaerobic sites such as peat bogs. This high degree of survivability combines with another factor inherent in the nature of pollen - the large amount produced - to make pollen analysis one of the most important tools available to the archaeologist. Though one further factor in the make-up of pollen enhances its value, namely the wide morphological variation between pollen from different plant species, most of which can be detected and classified using normal laboratory equipment. Pollen analysis is a technique which demands a high level of skill on the part of the excavator, scientist and interpreter to enable it to fulfil its potential. Collection of pollen samples can prove troublesome, the risk of cross-contamination is significant and efforts must be made to minimize the effect of any excavational bias. The number and ratio of pollen grains present in a sample can also be skewed by factors such as the orientation of the site and the nature of the pollen grains themselves, for example, trees such as pine produce much greater quantities of pollen than species such as oak and thus have a tendency to overrepresent themselves in the pollen record. Once collected the pollen is extracted from the soil, usually in the laboratory to avoid contamination, and analysed using a light, or scanning electron microscope (SEM). The wide differentiation in the size, shape and colour of the pollen grains enables identification to be made down to genera level. Following identification, the individual exines in a sub-set of the sample are quantified and plotted on a pollen analysis diagram, usually as a percentage of the whole.

Project Scope Statement Essay

Introduction The main purpose of the project scope statement is to have a basic understanding of the scope of a project, its deliverables, work required by deliverables to complete, and give common scope understanding to all stakeholders. Project Purpose and Justification The project of Great India Taste Restaurant has been approved by considering the demand of Indian food in the GTA by the related peoples. It has also been started for serving and creating a choice amongst the various types of world food in the Canadian market. Nowadays lots of immigrants are migrating here in Canada from India and South Asia. Therefore, the demand for their food is also increasing. Though there are some restaurants in GTA but they are not up to the mark. So, to be expert and perfect in every field of hospitality and service, we are here to work on this project. There is high probability of the success of this project as the public opinion has been considered. Scope description This project (restaurant) will be serving almost all the vegetarian and non vegetarian varieties of Indian food and related drinks and deserts such as Chana masala, Dal Makhani, Shahi Paneer, Butter chicken, Lassi, Naan, Puri and many more items. The specialty about all these food items would be that they will be prepared in clean and hygienic environment and made by the expert chefs. Due to increase in south Asian population in the selected area, this will not only keeps our restaurant busy but also may demand to open another chain of restaurant in the GTA. High Level Requirements In order to complete this project, we need to grant permission from Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and other related bodies. For this we will have to ensure them the process of food preparation will be done by experts and in clean, hygienic environment and will have good nutrition value. Another high level requirement is that we have to construct our site as per the rules prescribed by the city and meet their requirements. These tasks are not difficult but they require high formalities and safety procedures which will ensure the success of the project. Project Boundaries As the name suggests, this project will serve only Indian food nothing out of that, no Chinese, no Italian, no Thai and so on. It will serve both vegetarian and non vegetarian food but it will not serve alcoholic drinks. It will charge affordable and fair price to the customers so to maintain goodwill and long term customer relationship. Project Strategy Number of strategies will be followed and experimented in this project. These are just for the promotion, dynamic environment, customer attention and retention and attracting more customers. This will increase our profitability and our competing power in the market. Deliverables Several deliverables will be produced as a result of successful completion of this project. The project will be considered successful only on the meeting of the following deliverables. These deliverables are: All the requirements described by various licensing bodies of Ontario must be met. It must be effective and efficient in food preparation and ensure better customer service It must generate enough profits to develop, maintain and improve services. Acceptance Criteria Following steps are to be considered to accept this project as a successful and effective: Meet all the deliverables Must be not out of budget Must meet customer requirements Must ensure quality standards Must be completed on time effectively Constraints Like every project, this project might also have some constraints. Some of  the constraints could be as follows: Shortage in funds It may take more than expected time to accomplish It may be hard for the project managers to found effective and expert human resources Project managers might work more than 75% of billable hours on this project Assumptions The location of this restaurant will be in that area where there are large number of Indian people Most of the people like to eat out most of the times The project manager is responsible for appointing chefs, servers, managers and the required furniture and equipments. Change in income will not affect their eating habits Project is capable of attracting more customers through advertisement, offers, discounts and social media. Cost estimate The estimated costs of this project are shown in the table below. As the project proceeds, additional costs may be there and it will be redefined and will be communicated to all stakeholders.

Smu I Sem Stat Assignments Set 2

rMBA SEMESTER 1 MB0040 – STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT- 4 Credits (Book ID: B1129) Assignment Set- 1 (60 Marks) Note: Each question carries 10 Marks. Answer all the questions 1. What do you mean by Statistical Survey? Differentiate between â€Å"Questionnaire† and â€Å"Schedule†. ANS: Definition of statistical survey: A Statistical survey is a scientific process of collection and analysis of numerical data. Statistical surveys are used to collect numerical information about units in a population. Surveys involve asking questions to individuals. Surveys of human populations are common in government, health, social science and marketing sectors.Stages of Statistical Survey: Statistical surveys are categorized into two stages – planning and execution. The two broad stages of Statistical survey AS FOLLOWS: [pic] Planning a Statistical Survey: The relevance and accuracy of data obtained in a survey depends upon the care exercised in planning. A properly planned in vestigation can lead to best results with least cost and time. Steps involved in the planning stage are as follows: Step 1: Nature of the problem to be investigated should be clearly defined in an unambiguous manner. Step 2: Objectives of the investigation should be stated at the outset.Objectives could be to: †¢ Obtain certain estimates †¢ Establish a theory †¢ Verify an existing statement †¢ Find relationship between characteristics Step 3: The scope of the investigation has to be made clear. The scope of investigation refers to the area to be covered, identification of units to be studied, nature of characteristics to be observed, accuracy of measurements, analytical methods, time, cost and other resources required. Step 4: Whether to use data collected from primary or secondary source should be determined in advance.Step 5: the organization of investigation is the final step in the process. It encompasses the determination of the number of investigators requi red, their training, supervision work needed, funds required. Execution of Statistical survey: Control methods should be adopted at every stage of carrying out the investigation to check the accuracy, coverage, methods of measurements, analysis and interpretation. The collected data should be edited, classified, tabulated and presented in diagrams and graphs. The data should be carefully and systematically analysed and interpreted.Differentiate between â€Å"Questionnaire† and â€Å"Schedule†: Questionnaires contain simple questions and are filled by respondents. Schedules also contain questions but responses are recorded directly by the investigator. 2. The table shows the data of Expenditure of a family on food, clothing, education, rent and other items. Depict the data shown in the table using Pie chart. |Items |Expenditure | |Food |4300 | |Clothing |1200 | |Education |700 | Rent |2000 | |Others |600 | ANS: [pic] Fig: Pie-chart showing expenditure of a family on var ious items 3. Average weight of 100 screws in box A is 10. 4 gms. It is mixed with 150 screws of box B. Average weight of mixed screws is 10. 9 gms. Find the average weight of screws of box B. ANS: GIVEN THAT: †¢ n1=100, †¢ n2 = 150, †¢ X1 = 10. 4 Gms, †¢ [pic]= 10. 9 Gms, †¢ X2 =? WE KNOW THAT: [pic] 10. 9 = (100*10. 4) + (150 X2) / 100+150 10. 9 = 1040 + 150 X2 / 250 0. 9*250 = 1040 + 150 X2 2725 = 1040 + 150 X2 150 = 2725-1040 X2 =1685 / 150 X2 = 11. 23 Gms Therefore, the average weight of screws of box B is 11. 23 gms. 4. (a) Discuss the rules of â€Å"Probability†. (b) What is meant by â€Å"Conditional Probability†? ANS: 1. Addition rule: The addition rule of probability states that: i) If ‘A’ and ‘B’ are any two events then the probability of the occurrence of either ‘A’ or ‘B’ is given by: [pic] ii) If ‘A’ and ‘B’ are two mutually exclusive events then the pro bability of occurrence of either A or B is given by: [pic] ii) If A, B and C are any three events then the probability of occurrence of either A or B or C is given by: [pic] In terms of Venn diagram, from the figure 5. 4, we can calculate the probability of occurrence of either event ‘A’ or event ‘B’, given that event ‘A’ and event ‘B’ are dependent events. From the figure 5. 5, we can calculate the probability of occurrence of either ‘A’ or ‘B’, given that, events ‘A’ and ‘B’ are independent events. From the figure 5. 6, we can calculate the probability of occurrence of either ‘A’ or ‘B’ or ‘C’, given that, events ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ are dependent events. pic] iv) If A1, A2, A3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, An are ‘n’ mutually exclusive and exhaustive events then the probability of occurrence of at le ast one of them is given by: [pic] 2. Multiplication rule: If ‘A’ and ‘B’ are two independent events then the probability of occurrence of ‘A’ and ‘B’ is given by: [pic] Conditional Probability: Sometimes we wish to know the probability that the price of a particular petroleum product will rise, given that the finance minister has increased the petrol price. Such probabilities are known as conditional probabilities.Thus the conditional probability of occurrence of an event ‘A’ given that the event ‘B’ has already occurred is denoted by P (A / B). Here, ‘A’ and ‘B’ are dependent events. Therefore, we have the following rules. If ‘A’ and ‘B’ are dependent events, then the probability of occurrence of ‘A and B’ is given by: [pic] It follows that: [pic] For any bivariate distribution, there exists two marginal distributions and ‘m + nâ€⠄¢ conditional distributions, where ‘m’ and ‘n’ are the number of classifications/characteristics studied on two variables. 5. (a) What is meant by â€Å"Hypothesis Testing†?Give Examples (b) Differentiate between â€Å"Type-I† and â€Å"Type-II† Errors ANS: Hypothesis Testing: Hypothesis testing is about making inferences about a population from only a small sample. The bottom line in hypothesis testing is when we ask ourselves (and then decide) whether a population, like we think this one, would be likely to produce a sample like the one we are looking at. Testing Hypothesis: In hypothesis testing, we must state the assumed or hypothesised value of the population parameter before we begin sampling. The assumption we wish to test is called the null hypothesis and is symbolised by ?Ho†. The term null hypothesis arises from earlier agricultural and medical applications of statistics. In order to test the effectiveness of a new fert iliser or drug, the tested hypothesis (the null hypothesis) was that it had no effect, that is, there was no difference between treated and untreated samples. If we use a hypothesised value of a population mean in a problem, we would represent it symbolically as ? H0. This is read – The hypothesized value of the population mean. If our sample results fail to support the null hypothesis, we must conclude that something else is true.Whenever we reject the hypothesis, the conclusion we do accept is called the alternative hypothesis and is symbolised H1 (â€Å"H sub-one†). Interpreting the level of significance: The purpose of hypothesis testing is not to question the computed value of the sample statistic but to make a judgment about the difference between that sample statistic and hypothesised population parameter. The next step after stating the null and alternative hypotheses is to decide what criterion to be used for deciding whether to accept or reject the null hypot hesis.If we assume the hypothesis is correct, then the significance level will indicate the percentage of sample means that is outside certain limits (In estimation, the confidence level indicates the percentage of sample means that falls within the defined confidence limits). Hypotheses are accepted and not proved: Even if our sample statistic does fall in the non-shaded region (the region shown in below figure that makes up 95 percent of the area under the curve), this does not prove that our null hypothesis (H0) is true; it simply does not provide statistical evidence to reject it.Why? It is because the only way in which the hypothesis can be accepted with certainty is for us to know the population parameter; unfortunately, this is not possible. Therefore, whenever we say that we accept the null hypothesis, we actually mean that there is not sufficient statistical evidence to reject it. Use of the term accept, instead of do not reject, has become standard. It means that when samp le data do not cause us to reject a null hypothesis, we behave as if that hypothesis is true. [pic] fig: Acceptance and rejection region of sampleSelecting a Significance Level: There is no single standard or universal level of significance for testing hypotheses. In some instances, a 5% level of significance is used. In the published results of research papers, researchers often test hypotheses at the 1 percent level of significance. Hence, it is possible to test a hypothesis at any level of significance. But remember that our choice of the minimum standard for an acceptable probability, or the significance level, is also the risk we assume of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true.The higher the significance level we use for testing a hypothesis, the higher the probability of rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true. 5% level of significance implies we are ready to reject a true hypothesis in 5% of cases. If the significance level is high then we would rarely accept the nu ll hypothesis when it is not true but, at the same time, often reject it when it is true. When testing a hypothesis we come across four possible situations. The above figure shows the four possible situations. [pic] Table: Possible situations when testing a hypothesisThe combinations are: 1. If the hypothesis is true, and the test result accepts it, then we have made a right decision. 2. If hypothesis is true, and the test result rejects it, then we have made a wrong decision (Type I error). It is also known as Consumer? s Risk, denoted by ?. 3. If hypothesis is false, and the test result accepts it, then we have made a wrong decision (Type II error). It is known as producer? s risk, denoted by ? 1 – P is called power of the Test. 4. Hypothesis is false, test result rejects it – we have made a right decision. Type-I† and â€Å"Type-II† Errors: Suppose that making a Type I error (rejecting a null hypothesis when it is true) involves the time and trouble of reworking a batch of chemicals that should have been accepted. At the same time, making a Type II error (accepting a null hypothesis when it is false) means taking a chance that an entire group of users of this chemical compound will be poisoned. Obviously, the management of this company will prefer a Type I error to a Type II error and, as a result, will set very high levels of significance in its testing to get low . Suppose, on the other hand, that making a Type I error involves disassembling an entire engine at the factory, but making a Type II error involves relatively inexpensive warranty repairs by the dealers. Then the manufacturer is more likely to prefer a Type II error and will set lower significance levels in its testing. 6. From the following table, calculate Laspyres Index Number, Paasches Index Number, Fisher? s Price Index Number and Dorbish & Bowley? s Index Number taking 2008 as the base year. Commodity |2008 |2009 | | |Price (Rs) per Kg |Quantity in Kg |Price (Rs ) per Kg |Quantity in Kg | |A |6 |50 |10 |56 | |B |2 |100 |2 |120 | |C |4 |60 |6 60 | |D |10 |30 |12 |24 | |E |8 |40 |12 |36 | Sol: Commodity |2008 |2009 |   |   |   |   | | |P0 |Q0 |P1 |Q1 |P1Q0 |P1Q1 |P0Q0 |P0Q1 | |A |6 |50 |10 |56 |500 |560 |300 |336 | |B |2 |100 |2 |120 |200 |240 |200 |240 | |C |4 |60 |6 |60 |360 |360 |240 |240 | |D |10 |30 |12 |24 |360 |288 |300 |240 | |E |8 |40 |12 |36 |480 |432 |320 |288 | |   |   |   |   |   |1900 |1880 |1360 |1344 | |   |   |   |   |   |? P1Q0=1900 |? P1Q1= |? P0Q0= |?P0Q1= | | | | | | | |1880 |1360 |1344 | (A) Laspyres Index Number =? P1Q0 / ? P1Q1 x 100 =1900 / 1880 x 100 = 1. 0106 x 100 = 101. 06 Ans. (B) Paasches Index Number =? P1Q1 / ? P0Q1 x 100 =1880 /1344 x 100 =1. 3988 x 100 =138. 88 Ans. (C) Fisher’s Price Index Number = ? P1Q0 x ? P1Q1 / ? P0Q0 x ? P0Q1 X 100 = 1900 x 1880 / 1360 x 1344 X 100 = 1. 9542 x 100 = 1. 3979 x 100 = 139. 79 Ans. (D) Dorbish & Bowley? s Index Number = ? P1Q0 / ? P0Q0 + ? P1Q1 / ? P0Q1 x 100 = 1900 / 1360 + 1880 / 1344 x 100 = 2. 795 x 100 = 1. 6718 x 100 = 167. 18 Ans. [pic]

Biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria

Biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria Empress Elisabeth (born Elisabeth of Bavaria; December 24, 1837 – September 10, 1898) was one of the most famous royal women in European history. Famed for her great beauty, she was also a diplomat who oversaw the unification of Austria and Hungary. She holds the title of the longest-serving Empress of Austria in history. Fast Facts: Empress Elisabeth of Austria Full Name:  Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie, Duchess in Bavaria, later Empress of Austria and Queen of HungaryOccupation: Empress of Austria and Queen of HungaryBorn: December 24, 1837 in Munich, BavariaDied: September 10, 1898 in Geneva, SwitzerlandKey Accomplishments: Elisabeth was Austria’s longest-serving empress. Although she was often at odds with her own court, she had a special relationship with the Hungarian people and was instrumental in bringing about the uniting of Austria and Hungary in an equal, dual monarchy.Quote: â€Å"Oer thee, like thine own sea birds  / Ill circle without rest / For me earth holds no corner  /  To build a lasting nest.† – from a poem written by Elisabeth Early Life: The Young Duchess Elisabeth was the fourth child of Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria and Princess Ludovika of Bavaria. Duke Maximilian was a bit eccentric and decidedly more progressive in his ideals than his fellow European aristocrats, which heavily influenced Elisabeths beliefs and upbringing. Elisabeth’s childhood was much less structured than many of her royal and aristocratic counterparts. She and her siblings spent much of their time riding in the Bavarian countryside, rather than in formal lessons. As a result, Elisabeth (fondly known as â€Å"Sisi† to her family and closest confidantes) grew to prefer a more private, less structured lifestyle. Throughout her childhood, Elisabeth was particularly close to her older sister Helene. In 1853, the sisters traveled with their mother to Austria in hopes of an extraordinary match for Helene. Ludovikas sister Sophie, mother of Emperor Franz Joseph, had tried and failed to secure a match for her son among major European royalty and instead turned to her own family. Privately, Ludovika also hoped the trip might secure a second marriage in the family: between Franz Joseph’s younger brother, Karl Ludwig, and Elisabeth. A Whirlwind Romance and the Aftermath Serious and pious, Helene did not appeal to the 23-year-old emperor, although his mother expected he would obey her wishes and propose to his cousin. Instead, Franz Joseph fell madly in love with Elisabeth. He insisted to his mother that he would not propose to Helene, only to Elisabeth; if he could not marry her, he swore he would never marry. Sophie was deeply displeased, but she eventually acquiesced. Franz Joseph and Elisabeth married on April 24, 1854. The period of their engagement had been a strange one: Franz Joseph was reported by all to be full of joy, but Elisabeth was quiet, nervous, and often found crying. Some of this could certainly be attributed to the overwhelming nature of the Austrian court, as well as the reportedly overbearing attitude of her aunt-turned-mother-in-law. The Austrian court was intensely strict, with rules and etiquette that frustrated the progressive-minded Sisi. Even worse was her relationship with her mother-in-law, who refused to cede power to Elisabeth, who she viewed as a silly girl incapable of being an empress or mother. When Elisabeth and Franz Joseph had their first child in 1855, the Archduchess Sophie, Sophie refused to allow Elisabeth to care for her own child or even name her. She did the same to the next daughter, Archduchess Gisela, born in 1856. Following Gisela’s birth, the pressure increased even further on Elisabeth to produce a male heir. A cruel pamphlet was anonymously left in her private chambers that suggested the role of a queen or empress was only to bear sons, not to have political opinions, and that a consort who did not bear a male heir would be a scheming danger to the country. It is widely believed that Sophie was the source. Elisabeth suffered another blow in 1857, when she and the archduchesses accompanied the emperor to Hungary for the first time. Although Elisabeth discovered a deep kinship with the more informal and straightforward Hungarian people, it was also the site of great tragedy. Both her daughters fell ill, and the Archduchess Sophie died, only two years old. An Active Empress Following Sophie’s death, Elisabeth retreated from Gisela as well. She began the obsessive beauty and physical regimens that would grow into the stuff of legend: fasting, rigorous exercise, an elaborate routine for her ankle-length hair, and stiff, tightly-laced corsets. During the long hours required to maintain all of this, Elisabeth was not inactive: she used this time to learn several languages, study literature and poetry, and more. In 1858, Elisabeth finally fulfilled her expected role by becoming the mother of an heir: the Crown Prince Rudolf. His birth helped her gain a larger foothold of power at court, which she used to speak on behalf of her beloved Hungarians. In particular, Elisabeth grew close to Hungarian diplomat Count Gyula Andrassy. Their relationship was a close alliance and friendship and was also rumored to be a love affair – so much so that, when Elisabeth had a fourth child in 1868, rumors swirled that Andrassy was the father. Elisabeth was forced away from politics around 1860, when several bouts of ill health caught up with her, along with stress brought on by the rumors of her husband’s affair with an actress. She used this as an excuse to withdraw from court life for some time; her symptoms often returned when she returned to the Viennese court. It was around this time that she began standing her ground with her husband and mother-in-law, especially when they wanted another pregnancy – which Elisabeth did not want. Her marriage with Franz Joseph, already distant, became even more so. She relented, however, in 1867, as a strategic move: by returning to her marriage, she increased her influence in time to push for the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which created a dual monarchy in which Hungary and Austria would be equal partners. Elisabeth and Franz Joseph became King and Queen of Hungary, and Elisabeth’s friend Andrassy became the prime minister. Her daughter, Valerie, was born in 1868, and became the object of all her mother’s pent-up maternal affection, sometimes to an extreme extent. The Hungarian Queen With her new official role as queen, Elisabeth had more excuse than ever to spend time in Hungary, which she gladly took. Even though her mother-in-law and rival Sophie died in 1872, Elisabeth often remained away from court, choosing instead to travel and to raise Valerie in Hungary. She dearly loved the Magyar people, as they loved her, and gained a reputation for her preference for â€Å"common† people over mannered aristocrats and courtiers. Elisabeth was shattered with yet another tragedy in 1889 when her son Rudolf died in a suicide pact with his mistress Mary Vetsera. This left Franz Josephs brother Karl Ludwig (and, upon Karl Ludwigs death, his son Archduke Franz Ferdinand) as the heir. Rudolf had been an emotional boy, like his mother, who was forced into a military upbringing that did not suit him at all. Death seemed everywhere for Elisabeth: her father had died in 1888, her sister Helene died in 1890, and her mother in 1892. Even her steadfast friend Andrassy passed in 1890. Her fame continued to increase, as did her desire for privacy. Over time, she repaired her relationship with Franz Joseph, and the two became good friends. Distance seemed to help the relationship: Elisabeth was traveling extensively, but she and her husband corresponded often. Assassination and Legacy Elisabeth was traveling incognito in Geneva, Switzerland in 1898 when news of her presence leaked. On September 10, she and a lady-in-waiting were walking to board a steamer when she was attacked by Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni, who wanted to kill a monarch, any monarch. The wound was not evident at first, but Elisabeth collapsed soon after boarding, and it was discovered that Lucheni had stabbed her in the chest with a thin blade. She died almost immediately. Her body was returned to Vienna for a state funeral, and she was buried in the Capuchin Church. Her killer was apprehended, tried, and convicted, then committed suicide in 1910 while in prison. Elisabeth’s legacy – or legend, depending on who you ask – carried on in several ways. Her widower founded the Order of Elizabeth in her honor, and many monuments and buildings in Austria and Hungary bear her name. In earlier stories, Elisabeth was portrayed as a fairy-tale princess, likely because of her whirlwind courtship and because of the most famous portrait of her: a painting by Franz Xaver Winterhalter that depicted her with diamond stars in her floor-length hair. Later biographies attempted to uncover the depth of Elisabeth’s life and inner conflict. Her story has captivated writers, musicians, filmmakers, and more, with dozens of works based on her life finding success. Instead of an untouchable, ethereal princess, she was often depicted as a complex, often unhappy woman – much closer to reality. Sources Hamann, Brigitte. The Reluctant Empress: A Biography of Empress Elisabeth of Austria. Knopf, 1986.Haslip, Joan, The Lonely Empress: Elisabeth of Austria. Phoenix Press, 2000.Meares, Hadley. The Tragic Austrian Empress Who Was Murdered By Anarchists. History.

Can technology improve diversity in hiring

Can technology improve diversity in hiring Improving diversity in all aspects of our cultural and business environment is an ever-increasing concern in the twenty-first century. While certain strides have been made in ensuring that people of all genders, races, nationalities, religions, and orientations are better represented in our society, these efforts have only just begun. Hopefully, far greater strides are to come in our collective future. According to Jeanette Maister, the managing director, head of Americas at Oleeo, that hope may arrive in the form of artificial intelligence (AI).Oleeo is a London-based company that provides solutions for companies looking to acquire new talent. Before joining Oleeo, Maister led recruiting efforts at such companies as Lehamn Brothers and Gartner, so she has a very firm background in hiring. In such roles, she has also witnessed the flaws in common hiring practices. Despite the desire of many companies to reflect society’s diversity more accurately in their hiring processes, man y businesses just can’t seem to get with the times. They have no established processes for ensuring greater diversity. In fact, as Maister recently told SHRM Online, many companies are â€Å"still doubling down on the same approaches they have used since the 1960s.† She says that such half-hearted efforts are more about avoiding lawsuits than actually improving diversity. In many cases, these â€Å"efforts† to increase diversity are downright backward, as potential employers only consider whether or not applicants were sufficiently diverse after those applicants had been interviewed.Maister sees technology as a possible solution to this problem. By using AI programs and Big Data to select the ideal person to fill a position, the biases of recruiters are less of an issue- these programs make automatic decisions based on myriad data points. It is essentially a computer-based form of blind screening, which is a hiring process that removes all identification informa tion from an applicant’s application and resume. AI can focus only on skills and experience rather than factors such as name, age, and gender that could provoke bias.Improving diversity in the workplace is not as easy as merely blocking out applicants’ personal information. It is a matter of ensuring that all phases of the hiring process are balanced and unbiased; it is also a matter of adjusting the language of job posts to be more inclusive, such as using gender-free pronouns in help-wanted ads. Some companies are already using technology that scans job descriptions for gender bias to help manage this issue. Algorithms and intelligent automation can also be used to cut the fat from job descriptions so that they only focus on the skills and duties essential to the given job. This will be a boon for women, who are more likely to ensure that they meet every criterion in a job description before applying than men are. In other words, by streamlining job descriptions, wom en will be more likely to apply to those positions.Of course, to create a completely unbiased hiring process, the hiring technology itself must be free of bias. After all, these systems are programmed by human beings who come with their own baggage and may possess personal prejudices that can end up in the very programs intended to curb bias. Maister reveals that a solution to that potential problem is to make the selection compliance rates of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission an essential part of the algorithm.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});This is just the beginning of a new age in which technology is used to improve diversity in the workplace. New regulations will likely be set in place as the technology improves, and existing technology must be scrutinized to ensure that it utilizes sound data. Like all aspects of progress, improving diversity in hiring is a process, but hopefully the end result will be greater representation of all genders, races, nationalities, religions, and orientations in the workplace.

My version of the American dream to immigrants including Chinese Essay

My version of the American dream to immigrants including Chinese - Essay Example In my own way, I had my version of the American dream to many immigrants; America personified the opportunity to experience the freedom they lacked in their countries, and exploit available opportunities in work and education. Although in the modern day, many countries have become more liberal than there were in the past, I carried such sentiments because, in China, it is well known that the media and freedom of expression are far from the world class. Despite my original enthusiasm, when the day came, I had mixed feelings about leaving my homeland to go to a place I did not know and where I knew almost no one. I said a few tearful goodbyes, and as I walked into the airports interior, I did not look back to wave to my few waving relatives because I did not want them to see my tears. My journey to America in many ways was more than just a physical journey; it was a spiritual one too. I had begun to question myself and decide where I belonged, did I belong to China and should I study, and they return to my home or did I belong to America like my unknown relatives? On the plane, I kept turning these thoughts around in my mind until I fell asleep, I when I woke up, I was in America. When I got off the plane, I stood transfixed in wonderment, staring at the crowds milling around receiving and saying bye to friends. I could hardly believe I was in America, the land of freedom and opportunity, as I experienced a mixture of joy in finally arriving and nostalgia when I realized I had left my homeland probably forever.... I had begun to question myself and decide where I belonged, did I belong to China and should I study, and they return to my home or did I belong to America like my unknown relatives?  On the plane, I kept turning these thoughts around in my mind  until I fell asleep,  I when I woke up, I was  in  America. When I got off the plane, I stood transfixed in wonderment, staring at the crowds milling around receiving and saying bye to friends. I could hardly believe I was in America, the land of freedom and opportunity, as I experienced a mixture of joy in finally arriving and nostalgia, when I realized I had left my homeland probably forever. Settling down was not very hard, and it was arranged that I should stay with my relatives at first before I could move out on my own. I did not move around much in the first few days, and when I did venture out on my own I walked into a cafe for a snack, the first thing I noticed was that almost everything was fried. The food was not bad, bu t I knew it would take time to get used to, some combinations were, however, strange to me, and I did not even attempt them such as cheese and apple. Contrary to what many people in my homeland China imagine, life in America is not an easy one, yes, the jobs pay more, but one has to work longer hours and at times work more than two jobs at a time. When asked my uncle what I could do for work since I needed to make money for my upkeep, he said for the time being I could work in his grocery store in my free time. However, he encouraged me to look around and see what else I could do since he knew selling greens was probably not going to be very interesting to me. One of the fears I had about coming to America was racial discrimination, which I had heard so much about, however, in

Business Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Management - Essay Example Defined as all the man-made or man-modified physical structures that include buildings, space and products, infrastructure of communities, built environment encompasses homes, schools, roads, fixtures, parks, cities, and everything else touched he has touched (Cohen, 2005). Presently, the built environment addresses various divisions, from art and design, architecture and interior architecture, construction management, and urban and regional planning. Art and design, although minuscule and seemingly irrelevant in scale, have intermarried with architecture and urban planning never to part again as aesthetics no longer are limited to association with the age-old Renaissance. Urban planners and engineers work closely with architects, constructors, contractors, and designers and the built industry grows into a nature-friendly aspect of human enterprise. "Competing for the Future" presents considerable forward-thinking strategies for companies as they are challenged maintaining present status which are compared to mere running in place and threatened with global competitors (Mizrach, 1997). The book invokes management and employees to work together to innovate and foresee what may be given to consumers that would amaze and satisfy. Globalisation at that time already poked its threat to established multinational companies, when dot.com bubble was about to break, the book better-advised the senior and junior managements to have second thoughts. "instead of doing a lot of market research, we refine our thinking on a product and its use and try to create a market for it by educating and communicating with the public... our emphasis has always been to create something out of nothing," Hamel and Pralahad (1994, p.109) wrote. It suggested that senior management team must set aside a time of about 50 percent over a period of months in order to "develop a prescient and distinctive point of view about the future" and this may apply well to built industries, as earlier problems did not seem as complicated as they are right now. "Unlearning" was a keyword so that it meant there is a close scrutiny of the past, interlinked with market share opportunities and creation of core competencies transcending business units (Hamel and Pralahad, 1994). The book also encourages coalition, which has become inevitable now as an industry alone could no hardly address a single issue facing built environment. Speed, as the book have claimed, is important "in the battle for the future" but not necessarily in the future anymore. There are considerable pressures today invokes speed as an element to answer problems within the built industry as "Whole industries become vulnerable to new rules when all the incumbents accept, more or less, the same industry conventions," (Hamel and Pralahad, 1994). Industries were challenged not only to address genuine profit crisis but encouraged to create "quasi-crisis in advance" so that pointing out of the difference of achievement is considered by both a s pass, allowing for evolving competencies. One that hits the built industry bulls-eye is the book's claim that "A strategic architecture is the essential link between today and tomorrow, between short term and longer,' as urban planners now scamper to detail out solutions for the urban dilemma. More so, "Every company should